护理应知应会-内科（Nursing care should be informed - Internal Medicine）.doc

护理应知应会-内科（Nursing care should be informed - Internal Medicine） Internal medicine I. circulatory system 1. what are the predisposing factors of heart failure? (1) infections were most common in respiratory tract infections. (2) arrhythmia. (3) excessive physical or psychological pressure, such as excessive exertion, emotional agitation, etc.. (4) pregnancy and childbirth. (5) the increase of blood volume, such as excessive intake of sodium salt, rapid or excessive transfusion or transfusion. (6) other: improper treatment, rheumatic heart valve disease, rheumatism, hyperthyroidism or anemia. 2. how to judge the cardiac function according to the conscious activity ability of the patient? (1) heart function class I: Patients with heart disease, but usually the general activity does not cause fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, angina and other symptoms. (2) cardiac function class II: mild physical activity is limited. There is no self-conscious symptoms during the rest, but the normal activities can be seen as a result of the above symptoms. (3) cardiac function class III: physical activity is obviously limited. No symptoms at rest, lower than the usual amount of general activity can cause the above symptoms, after a long period of rest, symptoms can be alleviated. (4) cardiac function class IV: unable to engage in any physical activities. The symptoms of heart failure during rest also increase after physical exertion. 3. briefly describe the criteria of diagnosis and classification of hypertension. Diagnostic criteria for hypertension: without taking antihypertensive drugs under the condition that the systolic pressure is more than 140mmHg and (or) diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90mmHg. According to the elevated blood pressure levels, hypertension can be divided into 1, 2, and 3 grades. Hypertension 1: systolic pressure 140-159mmHg and (or) diastolic pressure 90-99mmHg; Hypertension 2: systolic blood pressure 160-179mmHg and (or) diastolic pressure 100-1