论老年人家庭照顾的类型和照顾中的家庭关系_一项对老年人家庭照顾的_实地调查_.pdf

社会学研究 2000 年第4 期 论老年人家庭照顾的类型和照顾中的家庭关系 ) ) ) 一项对老年人家庭照顾的/ 实地调查0 # Ab stract : This study is on 16 families in which there are old members who were chronics or lack of living ability because of diseases and age.The study was conducted by fieldwork from 1990 to 1991.Authors visited those cases again in 1993, 1996, and 1998. ased on thedata and materials that describethe rotes,types, and quality of the care giv2 ing work,the authors discuss the factors that influence thebehaviors,family relations of the care giving. They point out that thedifferent types ofthe family care giving come of different care2givers in the families,that qualities ofthe caregiving aredifferent because of different roles of the care2givers.One of the best types is that aged spouse exists and can do some caregiving work with his/her children. s help.Authors think that the fami2 ly relations can be caused to change by the caregiving work in the families.Finally,au2 thors point out that the familiy care giving work is actually a process that family mem2 bers and nonfamily members participate,and that the family care giving work for the el2 derls need the help from those doctors, nurses, neighbors,friends and others in the com2 munity. 前言:理论方面的思考 老年人家庭照顾主要是指来自家庭成员对老人的照顾, 家庭成员 括了老伴、子女、子女 的配偶、孙子女和老年人的兄弟姐妹等亲属, 而照顾内容 括了对老年人的经济支持、日常生 活照料、精神疏导和患病情况下的护理等。此外, 老年人家庭照顾还指这种照顾多发生在老年 人的家庭里面, 但有时候也发生在家庭外的一些其他场所, 如在医院中的家属陪伴。老年人家 庭照顾在内容上 括经济支持、日常照料和精神慰藉, 这已经是理论和实践中的共识(5 中国大 百科全书# 社会学6, 1991: 110) 。作者在本文中所分析的对患病或年迈老人的家庭照顾, 不同 于一般的日常照料, 常 含专业医护知识的运用和一些特殊的照顾内容。 大量研究证明, 家庭照顾依旧是目前中国城乡老年人照顾的主体,特别是当老年人因病或 年迈而需要照顾的时候。这一现象是中国几千年传统文化不断沉积并产生影响的结果。中国 传统的道德伦理观念一直以极大力度支持着这种内含血缘联系、地缘联系、经济联系和其他联 系的老年人与子女之间的社会关系。从古文献里叹颂的/ 哀哀父母, 生我劬劳0 、/ 欲报之德,昊 天罔极0(5诗经# 小雅# 蓼莪6), 到现在子女对报答父母养育之恩的谈论, 都 含了几千年来一 脉相承的物质和