lesson two生物专业英语译文第二课.pdf

Lesson Two Photosynthesis Glossary Photosynthesis n.光合作用 Chlorophyll n.叶绿素 Protist n.原生生物 Exergonic a.放能的 Endergonic a.吸能的 Chloroplast n.叶绿体 Thylakoid n.类囊体 2 Photosynthesis occurs only in the chlorophyll-containing cells of green plants, algae, and certain protists and bacteria. 光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞，藻类， 某些原生生物和细菌之中。 3 Overall, it is a process that converts light energy into chemical energy that is stored in the form of molecular bonds. 总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能，并将能量贮 存在分子键中。 4 From the point of view of chemistry and energetics, it is the opposite of cellular respiration. 从化学和热力学(动能学)角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应 Whereas cellular respiration is highly exergonic and releases energy, photosynthesis requires energy and is highly endergonic. 但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能的，光合作用是需要能量 的,并且是高度吸能的过程。 5 Photosynthesis starts with CO and H O as raw materials and 2 2 proceeds through two sets of partial reactions. 光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。 In the first set, called the light-dependent reactions, water molecules are split (oxidized), O2 is released, and ATP and NADPH are formed. 第一步，称光反应，水分子裂解 （分解）(被氧化)，氧分子被释 放，ATP和NADPH形成。 These reactions must take place in the presence of light energy. 此反应必须在存在光能的条件下发生。 6 7 In the second set, called light-independent reactions, CO2 is reduced (via the addition of H atoms) to carbohydrate. 第二步，称暗反应，二氧