中西文化概论一第七周.ppt

An Overview of Chinese Western Cultures: Philosophy and Religions Three philosophy systems in the world Chinese philosophy Western philosophy Indian philosophy Chinese Philosophy The various schools of thought. It has its own distinguished features, unique concept systems and ways of expression. The course of development It originated from the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It began to take definite shapes during the Spring and Autumn Period. It enjoyed thriving development during the Warring States Period. The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy 1. The philosophy in pre-Qin times(先秦子学） 2. The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty（两汉经学） 3. Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties（魏晋玄学） 4. The Buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties（隋唐佛学） 5. Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties（宋明理学） 6. Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties（明清实学） The philosophy in pre-Qin times 21th century B.C.—221 B.C. （先秦子学） The most influential schools: Confucianism Taoism Mohism Legalism Confucianism: a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius. The teachings of Confucius: core of thought; the words and deeds of Confucius (The Analects) Confucius doctrines: Jen Li the doctrine of the golden mean Influences The word “Confucian” can directly represent traditional Chinese life and culture. Confucianism is not confined to China. Taoism: a school of thought by Lao Zi and Zhuang zi. Taoist doctrines: The Dao is the course, the principle, the substance, and the standard of all things, to which all people must conform. “有物混成，先天地生。萧呵！寥呵！独立而不改，可以为天地母。吾未知其名，强名之曰道”. Non-action: let things take their natural course and do nothing. (an attitude towards the world and political ideology) Mohism: a school of thought based on the teachings of Mo Zi. Mohist doctrines: It cherishes universal love: if all the people in th