基因组学前沿-米双利.pdf

非编码RNA在癌症中的作用研 究进展 中国科学院北京基因组研究所 米双利 Human Genome Non-coding DNA - Non-protein coding genes Repeats and - Regulatory elements transposons - Other functional sequences Protein coding DNA Non-coding RNA • A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. • Mostly, less than 300nt, small RNA (sRNA). • Non-coding RNA genes include highly abundant and functionally important RNAs such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), as well as RNAs such as snoRNAs, microRNAs, siRNAs and piwi-interacting RNAs and the long ncRNAs. tRNAs- the first non-coding RNA 转运RNA • The first non-coding RNA to be characterized was an alanine tRNA found in bakers yeast (Robert W. Holley,Science,1965). 74~93 nt in length Secondary structure was revealed using X-ray crystallography in 1974. “Cloverleaf” Ribosomal RNAs 核糖体RNA • Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is the RNA component of the ribosome. • rRNAs account for 80% of total RNAs. snoRNAs （small nucleolar RNAs ） 核仁小分子RNA • Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosom