短时高温暴露对B型烟粉虱与温室白粉虱存活以及生殖适应性.doc

短时高温暴露对B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱存活 以及生殖适应性的影响 崔旭红1，谢 明1,2，万方浩1,2 （1中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100094；2农业部外来入侵生物预防与控制研究中心，北京 100081） 摘要：【目的】研究短时高温暴露对B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱成虫存活和生殖适应性影响的差异。【方法】将B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱的成虫在不同温度（37℃、39℃、41℃、43℃、45℃）下暴露1 h后比较两种粉虱存活、产卵量、后代存活情况的变化以及两者的差异。【结果】随着暴露温度的升高，B型烟粉虱成虫的存活率从99.1%下降到42.6%，温室白粉虱成虫的存活率从95.0%下降到13.5%。两种粉虱雌雄虫在45℃高温暴露1 h后，B型烟粉虱成虫的寿命超过10 d，而温室白粉虱成虫存活的时间不足24 h，存在显著差异。高温暴露对B型烟粉虱成虫的产卵量没有显著影响，但后代的存活率随着暴露温度的升高由70.7%下降到25.1%。温室白粉虱成虫在37～43℃暴露1 h后雌虫产卵量由62.4粒下降到1.5粒，45℃暴露1 h后停止了产卵活动；导致B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱成虫后代50%和90%个体死亡的温度分别相差1.6℃和4.1℃。【结论】B型烟粉虱成虫的耐热性高于温室白粉虱，高温对B型烟粉虱成虫存活和生殖适应性的影响要小于温室白粉虱，这有利于B型烟粉虱种群在夏季高温季节的发生。B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱对高温适应性存在差异尤其是高温对两者生殖适应性的影响是导致它们种群季节动态格局和分布存在差异的重要原因。 关键词：B型烟粉虱；温室白粉虱；高温暴露；存活；生殖 Effects of Brief Exposure to High Temperature on Survival and Fecundity of Two Whitefly Species: Bemisia tabaci B-biotype and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) CUI Xu-hong 1, XIE Ming1,2, WAN Fang-hao1,2 (1State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094; 2Center for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081) Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of brief exposure to high temperature on survival and fecundity of two whitefly species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci B-biotype (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) were studied to understand occasional changes in the biological characteristic of whitefly species encountered high temperature stress. 【Method】The survival rate, longevity, reproduction and survival rate from egg to adult of F1 progeny of B. tabaci B-biotype and T. vaporariorum were evaluated after the adults were exposed to 37, 39, 41, 43 and 45℃ for 1 hour in climatic incubators. 【Result】The survival rates of adults of both whitefly species decreased with the increase of temperature. Within the range of 37 to 45℃, the survival rate of B. tabaci B-biotype adults decreased from 99.1% to 42.6%, and T. vap