职称英语考试卫生类B阅读精选模拟题.pdf

/ Preventing Child Maltreatment Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-1ongconsequences.There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.Data for many countries。especially low-and middle-income countries are lacking. Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study.Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless，international studies reveal that approximately 20%of women and 5-10%of men report being sexually abused as children.While 25—50%of all children report being physically abused.Additionally，many children are subject to 1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse). Every year，there are an estimated 31.000 homicide deaths inchildrenunder 15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextent of the problem as a significant proportion of deaths due to childmaltreatmentareincorrectlyattributedto3falls burns and drowning. Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences.Maltreatment causesstressthat isassociatedwith disruption inearlybrain / development.Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervousandimmunesystems.Consequently，asadults，maltreated children are at increasedrisk for behavioural physical and mental health problems.Via.the behavioural and mental health consequences maltreatment can contribute to heart disease， cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4 Beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatment.there is an economic impact including cost of hospitalization mentalhealth treatment childwelfare and longer-termhealth cost. A number of risk factor for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and culturalcontexts butprovide anoverviewwhen attempting