冶金过程物理化学.DOC

4 冶金过程物理化学 4.1 冶金过程热力学 冶金过程热力学thermodynamics of metallurgical processes 统计热力学statistical thermodynamics 不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 化学热力学chemical thernodynamics 表面热力学surface thermodynamics 合金热力学thermodynamics of alloys 冶金热力学数据库thermodynamics databank in metallurgy 系system 单元系single-componentsystem 多元系multicomponent system 均相系统homogeneous system 广度性质extensive property 强度性质intensive property 过程process 等温过程isothermal process 等压过程isobaric process 等容过程isochoric process 绝热过程adiabatic process 可逆过程reversible process 不可逆过程irreversible process 自发过程spontaneous process 自理过程physical process 化学过程chemical process 冶金过程metallurgical process 化学反应chemical reaction 化合反应combination reaction 分解反应decomposition reaction 置换反应displacement reaction 可逆反应reversible reaction 不可逆反应irreversible reaction 电化学反应electrochemical reaction 多相反应multiphase reaction 固态反应solid state reaction 气一金(属)反应gas-metal reaction 渣一金（属）反应slag-metal reaction 平衡equilibrium 化学平衡chemical equilibrium 相平衡phase equilibrium 热力学平衡thermodynamic equilibrium 亚稳平衡metastable equilibrium 热力学函数thermodynamic function 偏摩尔量partial molar quantity 总摩尔量integral molar quantity 标准态standard state 焓enthalpy 生成焓enthalpy of formation 反应焓enthalpy of reaction 熵entropy 吉布斯能Gibbs energy 生成吉布斯能Gibbs energy of formation 反应吉布斯能Gibbs energy of reaction 溶解吉布斯能Gibbs energy of solution 吉布斯能函数Gibbs energy function 化学位chemical potential 热化学thermochemistry 热效应heat effect 热容heat capacity 熔化热heat of fusion 汽化热heat of vaporization 升华热heat of sublimation 相变热heat of phase transformation 放热反应exothermic reaction 吸热反应endothermic reaction 赫斯定律Hess’s law 相律phase rule 相图phase diagram 一元相图single-component phase diagram 二元相图binary-component phase diagram 三元相图ternary-component phase diagram 液相线liquidus 固相线solidus 共晶点eutectic point 杠杆规则lever rule 溶液solution 溶质solute 溶剂solvent 固溶体solid solution 溶液浓度concentration of solution 摩尔分数mole fraction 冶金熔体metallurgical melt 金属熔体metal melt (炉)渣,熔渣slag 熔盐molten salt, fused salt 理想溶液ideal solution 真实溶液real solution 正规溶