第三章 锂离子电池 第5节 电解质.pdf

3.11. 锂离子电池电解质 1 2 锂离子电池电解质分类 • 非水液态电解质 • 聚合物电解质 • 凝胶电解质 • 无机固态电解质 3 Transport mechanisms Liquid electrolytes: transport of solvated species Polymer electrolytes: transport by solvation / desolvation No net displacement of the host matrix Ceramic electrolytes: transport by ion hopping 4 3.11.1.有机非水液态电解质 5 What can be used as Li-ion Battery Electrolyte (1) It should be a good ionic conductor and electronic insulator, so that ion transport can be facile and self-discharge can be kept to a minimum. high −3 −2 −1 conductivity of about 3 ×10 to 2 ×10 S•cm over a wide temperature range (2) It should have a wide electrochemical window, so that electrolyte degradation would not occur within the range of the working potentials of both the cathode and the anode. more than 4.5 V for lithium-ion cells with high voltage cathodes, (3) It should also be inert to other cell components such as cell separators, electrode substrates, and cell packaging materials. (4) It should be robust against various abuses, such as electrical, mechanical, or thermal ones. large usable liquid range, typically−40 to 70 ◦C, low vapor pressure, low temperature coefficient of viscosity (5) Its components should be environmentally friendly, easy biodegradability, low toxicity,