经济博弈论_Chapter08.pdf

混合策策略同时博弈博弈II：非零非零和博弈博弈 和III：一般性讨论 SimultaneousSimultaneous-MoveMove GamesGames withwith Mixed Strategies II: Non-Zero-Sum GamesGames andand III:III: GeneralGeneral DiscussionDiscussion 第8章 ChapterChapter 0808 内容提要内容提要 Outline 非零和博弈中的混合策略：2*2博弈 Mixed strateggies in non-zero-sum ggames: 2*2 case 扩展：3*3博弈 EExttensiion: 3*33*3 case 对混合策略均衡的一般性讨论 General discussion of mixed-strategy equilibria General discussion of mixed strategy equilibria  均衡的弱意义Weak Sense of Equilibrium  反直觉的结果Counterintuitive Outcomes  非零和博弈混合的证据 Evidence on mixing in non-zero- sum games Slide 2 混合策略同时博弈：非零和博弈 SimultaneousSimultaneous-MoveMove GamesGames withwith MixedMixed Strategies: Non-Zero-Sum Games 在非零和博弈中，参与者之间没有明显的利益冲突，也就没有普 遍的理由来对对手隐藏其利益所在。 IIn non-zero-sum games, pllayer ddo nott hhave cllearlly conflicting interests and have no general reason to want to conceal their interests from others. 因此因此，迷惑对手就不迷惑对手就不一定有道理定有道理。 As a result, there is no general argument for keeping the other player guessing. 不过，由于是同时博弈，参与者可能不得不持有对对手行动的某 种不确定性的信念，因而也就不能确定地给出自己的最优行动。 However,, simultaneous pplayy can still lead pplayyers to have uncertain beliefs about the actions of a rival player and therefore to be uncertain about their own best actions.actions. Slide 3 哈里和萨莉能否会面？ Will Harry Meet Sally? SALLY Starbucks Local Latte StarbucksStarbucks 1,1, 11 0,0, 00 p HARRY LLocall LLatttte 00, 00 22, 22