草原生物多 样性_2014-08-15.pdf

中国科学院植物研究所 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 草原生物多样性与生态系统 功能的维持机理 白永飞 中国科学院植物研究所 2014年8月15日 上海 主要内容 研究背景 关键科学问题 研究平台建设与研究方法 代表性研究成果 小结 Biodiversity: What is it?  Variety of the planet’s living organisms and their interactions.  Biodiversity encompasses all of life’s variation, expressed in genes, individuals, populations, species, communities and ecosystems. “Biological diversity,” was first used in 1980 by conservation biologist Thomas Lovejoy. Edward O. Wilson “Biodiversity” was coined by E. O. Wilson in 1986 at the National Forum on Biological Diversity organized by the National Research Council, and it first appeared in print in 1988 as the title of the forums proceedings. Ecosystem functioning Ecosystem functioning is a broad term that encompasses a variety of phenomena, including ecosystem properties, ecosystem goods, and ecosystem services (Christensen et al. 1996) Ecosystem functioning is often used as synonymous with ecosystem properties alone, exclusive of ecosystem goods and services. Ecosystem properties include both sizes of compartments (pools of materials such as carbon or organic matter) and rates of processes (fluxes of materials and energy among compartments). Ecosystem goods are those ecosystem properties that have direct market value. e.g. food, construction materials, medicines, genes for gene products. Ecosystem services are those properties of ecosystems that either directly or indirectly benefit human endeavors, e.g. maintaining hydrologic cycles, regulating climate, cleansing air and water, pollination, and cycling of nutrients. Hooper et al. 2005 一、研究背景 1.为什么要开展生物多样性与生态系统功能关系研究？ Why BEF? 生物多样性既是全球变化驱 动因子的响应变量，又作为 一个驱动因