桌球运动的击球碰撞原理.DOC

天津市第三中学 Tianjin No.three middle school 桌球运动的MATLAB模拟在物理中的应用 姓名： 李云龙 二〇一二年八月摘 要 我的目的就是分析台球运动过程中各个阶段的受力情况，从运动生物力学的角度进行计算与分析，为台球运动的普及与提高提供理论指导和实践性建议。能够更好的运用到教学之中。台球运动的基本力学原理台球作为一个球形对称的刚体，它的质心在几何中心（球心），根据力学中的质心运动定理，当台球受到的力过球心时，形成平动，这种平动符合动量定理，其冲量等于动量的改变台球可视为光滑、匀质、球形刚体，所以台球的 碰撞可视为无摩擦、对心碰撞，碰撞过程中不会改变 彼此的转动动量矩；另一方面，台球是等质量的，如果不考虑能量损失，碰撞后主球将其法向冲量全部 传递给目标球，切向方向动量不变 关键词：受力 ；摩擦 ；碰撞 ；能量 ；动量守恒 ABSTRACT There are many of the physics of billiards; it is affected by the action of force in the process of its movement. It is calculated and analyzed to provide theoretical guidance and practical advice for the popularization and improvement of the billiards sports from the perspective of sports biomechanics. It is treated as a spherically symmetric rigid body in the basic principles of mechanics of billiards sports, its center of mass at the geometric center (Globe). According to the mechanical center of mass motion in the theorem, the billiards sports are formed translational, when the force over the center of the sphere. The translational is consistent with the theorem of momentum; its impulse is equal to the momentum change. The billiards can be regarded as smooth, homogeneous, spherical rigid body, billiards collision can be regarded as no friction, the heart of the collision, the collision process does not change each others rotational moment of momentum; On the other hand, billiards is a quality, if you do not take into account the energy loss. The target ball is passed by the emperor ball’s entirely normal impulse after the collision, and the tangential direction of the momentum is constant. Key Words： force; friction; collision; energy; conservation of momentum 目 录 1引 言 1 1.1桌球运动研究方法 1 1.2MATLAB的特点 1 1.3MATLAB在物理中的应用 2 2桌球运动原理 3 2.1桌球运动的基本原理 3 2.2桌球运动的击球碰撞原理 4 2.2.1安全击球范围 4 2.2.2击球位置 5 2.2.3图格式要求与目标球碰撞后主球运动的力学分析 5 2.2.4主球为下旋球时 6 2.2.5主球为上旋球时 8 2.2.6斜碰后主球的运动 8 3 桌球运动的相关实验研究 10 3.1 桌球实验概述 10 3.2 桌球实验数据图标记录 10 4 MATLAB程序中桌球运动的运动状态 14 5桌球运动的MA