B8M1知识点讲解1.docVIP

【词条1】trap 【课文原句】... in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice ... (Page 2)... the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break up. (Page 7) 【点拨】trap在第一个例句中的意思是储存,留存,在第二个例句中的意思是使陷入困境。如: There is plenty of water trapped in the form of ice on the large continent. They were trapped in the burning building. 【拓展】 ①动词trap还有下面几个常用意思:He trapped animals and sold their furs. (捕捉)I was trapped into signing an agreement. (使中计,使上当)The police trapped the terrorists at a roadblock. (把某人逼入困境)The four-year-old boy trapped his fingers in the door. (被夹住,被压扁) ②trap还可用作名词,常用意思是陷阱,捕捉器；诡计,圈套。如: Set a trap for mice in the yard, please. Hopefully, the thief will fall right into our trap. 【词条2】promote 【课文原句】... it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste; to promote international scientific projects ... (Page 3) 【点拨】promote是及物动词,在句中的意思是促进,增进。如: We are trying to promote foreign trade. 【拓展】 promote还可以作使晋级,使某人晋升为……讲。常用句型promote sb. to ...,注意to之后表示职位的名词前不加冠词。此外该词还有促销的意思。如: The boss promoted him to sales manager. He was promoted to professor. They are promoting their new product in the street. promote对应的名词是promotion晋级；促销；增进,促进；指人的名词是promoter赞助人,发起人。 【词条3】discourage 【课文原句】We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas. (Page 11) 【点拨】discourage在句中的意思是打消,劝阻。常用句型discourage sth.和discourage sb. from doing sth.。如: We discouraged his attempt to run away from home. Her parents tried to discourage her from becoming a film star. 【拓展】 discourage的另一个意思是使气馁/沮丧。如: The failure discouraged her. I was discouraged by the news. discourage的名词是discouragement气馁；令人沮丧的事,形容词discouraging意思是令人沮丧的。discourage的反义词是encourage,常用句式是encourage sb. to do sth.。注意两个句式的不同。如: My teacher often encourages me to learn English well. 【短语1】adapt to 【课文原句】Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. (Page 2) 【点拨】adapt to意思是适应……,其同义短语还有adjust to。如: He is quick to adapt to new circumstances. 【拓展】adapt更常用作及物动词,作适应讲时常用在adapt oneself to sth. 结构中；还有改造,修改