ZCY语法主谓一致.docVIP

主谓一致(Concord) 主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。把握主谓一致问题，考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语单复数的认定，进而选择适当的谓语。数的一致涉及三个基本原则，即： 语法一致（grammatical concord）意义一致(notional concord) 就近原则（principle of proximity） 一、谓语动词用单数 1.1 动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句作主语，谓语用单数 Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her. To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far. 1.2 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语作主语时，谓语用单数。 Two weeks was too long. Five tines five makes twenty five. A hundred miles is a long distance. 1.3 一般用and连接的两个单词或短语作主语时，谓语用复数，但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数 Law and order法制 soap and water肥皂水 a cup and sauce茶杯碟子 fork and knife刀叉 the needle and thread针线 trial and error反复尝试 horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月 bread and butter奶油面包 the ebb and flow盛衰、潮涨潮落 If law and order is not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. 1.4 以-ics, -s结尾的表示学科、疾病等的名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式。如： aesthetics美学 athletics体育运动 arthritis关节炎 acoustics声学 appendicitis 阑尾炎 gymnastics体操 linguistics语言学 mathematics数学 optics光学 economics politics mechanics力学 measles麻疹 mumps腮腺炎 billiards台球 statistics统计学 Statistics is a principal course at the business school. Politics is often a topic for discussion among us. 但这类名词运用于实际是，则往往要求复数动词 Statistics prove nothing in this instance. 统计数字在这一事例上不说明问题。 What are your politics? 你的政治观点如何？ 1.5 有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，根据意义一致原则动词用单数。 The chaos was stopped by the police. 二、谓语动词用复数情况 2.1 由and, both…and…等连接的并列主语，和both, a few, many, several等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。如 Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college. 2.2 集体名词police, public, militia, cattle, class, youth后常用复数形式的动词。 The cattle are grazing in the sunshine. 2.3. 当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The Japanese were once very aggressive. 2.4 某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，作主语时候，谓语动词用复数。 The rich are not always selfish. 2.5 不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，用复数谓语。 Three million tons of coal were exported that year. 三