[高一语法]主谓一致.docVIP

[高一语法]主谓一致英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：1）语法一致； 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。【语法一致原则】I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。e.g.①I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好音乐。②Are your mother a worker? (误)你母亲是工人吗？Is your mother a worker? (正)（主语your mother 是单数第三人称）II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等做主语，用单数谓语形式。e.g.①The work is important . 这项工作重要。②To serve the country is our duty. 为祖国服务是我们的义务。③How and why he left was a sad story. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。e.g.①The children are taken good care of . 孩子们得到很好的照料。②They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了。III. 以“and”或“both… and”连接的并列主语：1.通常作复数用 。e.g.①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。e.g.①The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。②A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处能看见有一套马车。③Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。e.g.①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时：1. a）“many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语：“a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。e.g.①Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。②A great many parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议。b）a / an + 单名+ or two 大多接单数谓语： one or two + 复名接复数谓语。e.g.①Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需说一两句。②One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一两条理由。c）a / an + 单名+ and a half常接单数谓语；“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.①A year and a half has passed . 一年半已过去了。②One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已卖了一吨半大米。d） more than one + 单名大多接单数谓语。e.g.①More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一个人缺席。more + 复名+ than one 接复数谓语。e.g.②More students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿。More than two (three…) +复名 接复数谓语。e.g.③More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。2 ，主语前加表示“单位、度量