2015届高三英语一轮复习语法专题.doc

2015届高三英语一轮复习语法专题 动词及动词短语 一．高频动词（词组）用法归纳1. 表示“使／让……”概念的动词。这类动词常见的有：have，let，make，get，keep，drive，send，leave，force，cause等，它们后边分别可跟动词不定式、分词、形容词、介词短语、名词等作宾语补足语。 I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long．对不起，让你久等了。 2. 动词不定式作宾补，动词不定式符号to可以省略的常见动词可以用口诀总结如下： 宾补省to十二个，五看二听一感觉， 三个使役紧跟着，一个帮助两均可， 如果主动变被动，该to -定要带着。 五看 see,watch,observe ,notice,look,at 二听 hear,listen to 一感觉 feel 三个使役 have,let,make 一个帮助 help sb.(to)do. . . 可跟带to的动词不定式结构作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, expect, get, invite,order,tell,teach,wish,warn,want等。He advised us to discuss the report immediately.他建议我们立刻讨论这个报告。4. 充当连系动词的行为动词。 这类动词不能单独构成动词词组，其后需带有表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、v.-ing、v-ed)构成系表结构，常见的有feel，sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。 It sounded like a train that was going under my house.听起来像有火车在我的房子下驶过。5. 既可接现在分词又可接过去分词作宾补的动词。此类动词常见的有：get，keep，have，leave, find, see, notice, hear等。 The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.这两个骗子让灯整夜亮着。 Yesterday Xiao Ming had his hair cut. 昨天肖明理发了。二． 高考高频动词词组 动词可以和介词、副词或其他词等构成固定词组，这些词组在意义上相当于一个实义动词。 常见的动词词组有： 以add为中心的词组 If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. If the tea is too strong, add more water to it. 把加到...上/里 His not coming added to our difficulties. 增添、增加、扩大 His whole school education added up to no more than one year.总计达 Add up the numbers and you will get 1000. 把加起来 以break为中心的词组 break away from 脱离(政党等)，逃离，改掉（坏习惯） He broke away from all his old friends. 断绝来往 break down (会谈、计划等)失败，破裂；精神崩溃（身体垮掉）；（机器、车辆等）出故障；（化学）分解 The telephone system has broken down. Her health broke down under the pressure of work. All our plans broke down. The peace talks have broken down. Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances. break in 闯进；打断，插话 break into闯入；强行进入；突然开始 break off 中断（谈话）；终止（关系）；打断(链条等) break out （战争、火灾等）爆发，发生 break ones promise 食言 break through 突破；冲破；克服 break the