Corporation合资企业.pptx

Introduction A corporation is a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law. Early incorporated entities were established by charter . Most jurisdictions now allow the creation of new corporations through registration(登记,注册). Registered corporations have legal personality and are owned by shareholders whose liability is limited to their investment. Shareholders do not typically actively manage a corporation; shareholders instead elect or appoint a board of director to control the corporation in a fiduciary(信托的) capacity. The difference between American and British In American English, the word corporation is most often used to describe large business corporations. In British English and in the Commonwealth countries, the term company is more widely used to describe the same sort of entity(实体) while the word corporation encompasses(包含) all incorporated(组成公司的) entities. In American English, the word company can include entities such as partnerships that would not be referred to as companies in British English as they are not a separate legal entity. Formation Historically, corporations were created by a charter(特许状) granted(批准) by government. Today, corporations are usually registered with the state, province, or national government and regulated by the laws enacted (通过)by that government. Registration is the main prerequisite (先决条件)to the corporation‘s assumption (获得,承担)of limited liability. Ownership and control A corporation is, at least in theory, owned and controlled by its members. In a joint-stock company(合股公司) the members are known as shareholders and each of their shares in the ownership, control and profits of the corporation is determined by the portion of shares in the company that they own. In another kind of corporation the legal document which established the corporation or which contains its current rules will determine who the corporations members are. Who is a member depend