CRISPR_Cas9基因组编辑技术在农业动物中应用.pdf

Hereditas (Beijing) 2016 年 3 月, 38(3): 217 ―226 综 述 CRISPR/Cas9 基因组编辑技术在农业动物中的应用 幸宇云，杨强，任军 江西农业大学，省部共建猪遗传改良与养殖技术国家重点实验室，南昌330045 摘要 : CRISPR(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas(CRISPR associated proteins)是在细 菌和古细菌中发现的一种用来抵御病毒或质粒入侵的获得性免疫系统。目前已发现的CRISPR/Cas 系统包括Ⅰ、 Ⅱ和Ⅲ型，其中Ⅱ型系统的组成较简单，由其改造成的CRISPR/Cas9 技术已成为一种高效的基因组编辑工具。 自2013 年CRISPR/Cas9 技术成功用于哺乳动物基因组定点编辑以来，应用该技术进行基因组编辑的报道呈现 出爆发式的增长。农业动物不仅是重要的经济动物，也是人类疾病和生物医药研究的重要模式动物。本文综述 了 CRISPR/Cas9 技术在农业动物中的研究和应用进展，简述了该技术的脱靶效应及减少脱靶的主要方法，并 展望了该技术的应用前景。 关键词 : CRISPR/Cas9；基因组编辑；农业动物；脱靶 Application of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing in farm animals Yuyun Xing, Qiang Yang, Jun Ren State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China Abstract: CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR associated proteins) is an acquired immune system found in bacteria and archaea that fight against invasion of viruses or plasmids. CRISPR/Cas systems are currently classified into three main types: I, II and III, of which type II has relatively sim- ple components . The CRISPR/Cas9 technology modified from type II CRISPR/Cas system has been developed as an efficient genome editing tool. Since the initial application of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology in mammals in 2013, the reports of this system for genomic editing has skyrocketed. Farm animals are not only economically important ani- mals, but also ideal animal models for human diseases and biomedical studies. In this review, we summarize the ap- plications of CRISPR/Cas9 in farm animals, briefly describe the off-target effects and the main solutions, and finally highlight the future perspectives of this technology. Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9; genome editing; farm animals; off-target 收稿日期: 2015−09−21 ; 修