解破学 2.1总论概论.ppt

1.The General Description. 2.The Reference Lines and Regions of the Abdomen. ⒉ Perineum 会阴 狭义会阴: 在男性系指阴囊根与肛门之间的部分。 狭义会阴: 在女性系指阴道前庭后端与肛门之间的部分，又称产科会阴，分娩时注意保护。 Tubular organ中空性器官Parenchymatous organ实质性器官 The tubular viscus (中空性器官) In order to observe and describe the relative locations and the arrangements of the internal organs, it is necessary to mark reference lines on the surface of the thorax and to subdivide the abdomen into regions. Reference lines in the thorax Reference lines in the abdomen Reference lines in the back Median lines Axillary lines Sternal lines Horizontal line Midclavicular line锁骨中线 Scapular line肩胛线 Paravertebral line脊柱旁线 ②Sternal line Umbilical region 脐区Lateral region 腹外侧区Pubic region 耻区Epigastric region 上腹部区Hypochondriac region 季肋区Inguinal (iliac) region 腹股沟区 Exercise ⒈ Term explanation Median line, axillary line, lateral sternal line, mid-clavicular line. ⒉ Briefly stating the ways to divide the abdominal regions. Nine Regions in Abdomen Nine Regions in Abdomen The tubular organ The parenchymatous organ Visceral organs §⒊ 复习 · 提问 · 总结 Question 1: How many visceral types? Quadrant regions 四分法 Nine regions 九分法 Two wyas Question 2: How many ways to divide the abdomen? * * HUMAN ANATOMY Lecturer: Dr. Jianhua Zhang Hunan University of Arts and Sciences Myofibril (肌原纤维)+核+横小管+肌质网+膜 Myofilaments (肌丝) A muscle fiber 肌纤维 Myosin(肌球蛋白) Actin (肌动蛋白) Troponin (肌钙蛋白) Tropomyosin (原肌球蛋白) Thin filaments(细肌丝) Thick filaments (粗肌丝) Question: What are the structure of the muscular fibers? Part II Splanchnology Content §⒈ The general description ⒈ The definition Splanchnology is the science that deals with the study of morphology and structures of the visceral(内脏的) organs. Synonym Splanchnology：内脏学 Viscera：内脏 Viscera includes the following groups Viscera 4 Systems Other structures Alimentary system Respiratory system Urinary system Genital system Endocrine system