物流成本控制论文中英文对照外文翻译.docVIP

中英文对照外文翻译 原文 Logistic Costs and Controlling Abstract Logistic costs are defined differently in companies. In many cases, the reported logistic costs of companies even within the same business differ more than justified by their operations. Some companies do not count interest and depreciation on inventories as logistic costs. Others include the distribution costs of their suppliers or the purchasing costs. In some cases, even the purchase value of the procured goods is included in the logistic costs (Baumgarten et al. 1993; Gudehus and Kotzab 2004; Weber 2002). Logistic costs are defined differently in companies. In many cases, the reported logistic costs of companies even within the same business differ more than justified by their operations. Some companies do not count interest and depreciation on inventories as logistic costs. Others include the distribution costs of their suppliers or the purchasing costs. In some cases, even the purchase value of the procured goods is included in the logistic costs (Baumgarten et al. 1993; Gudehus and Kotzab 2004; Weber 2002). Another problem, which arises not only in logistics, is costing and pricing of intangible goods. Intangible goods, such as logistic services, provide immediate utility and are generally not storable. Therefore, the conventional methods of accounting, costing and pricing, which have been developed for tangible goods, are of limited value for logistics (Cooper 1992; Horvàth 1999; Johnson 1987). More appropriate for the calculation of performance costs are process-related cost accounting and activity based costing. However, in logistics as well as in other areas of business, the definition and calculation of process costs differs (Bragg 2001; Hicks 2002; Horvàth 1999; Pohlen and LaLonde 1994; Poist 1974). This holds especially for the performance costs of multifunctional logistic systems, for pricing of integrated performances and for the consideration of fixed costs. As long as they are defined, measu