Scopes Trial 美国著名的世纪审判.ppt

Scopes Trialthe Scopes Monkey Trial Judge 法官 Prosecution 原告，控方 Defendant 被告 Counsel 辩护律师 Jury 陪审团 origin State Rep. John W. Butler, head of the World‘s Christian Fundamentals Association(世界基督基要协会) , lobbied state legislatures to pass anti-evolution laws, succeeding in Tennessee when the Butler Act 《布勒特法》was passed.In response, the American Civil Liberties Union （美国公民自由联合会）financed a test case in which John Scopes, a Tennessee high school teacher, intentionally violated the Act. The two sides brought in the biggest names in the nation, William Jennings Bryan for the prosecution（原告） and Clarence Darrow for the defense（被告）, and the trial was followed on radio transmissions throughout America. At first, Scopes mentioned that while he couldnt remember whether he had actually taught evolution in class, he had, however, gone through the evolution chart and chapter with the class. Scopes added to the group: If you can prove that Ive taught evolution and that I can qualify as a defendant, then Ill be willing to stand trial.“ However, Scopes became an increasingly willing participant, even incriminating himself and urging students to testify against him. 起初，斯格普斯说他不记得是否在课堂上讲过进化论，可后来他却鼓励自己的学生为对手作证。 After eight days of trial, it took the jury only nine minutes to deliberate. Scopes was found guilty on July 21 and ordered to pay a $100 fine . His bail of $100 was paid by Paul Patterson, owner of the Baltimore Sun.《巴尔的摩太阳报》 After the sentence the defendant spoke for the first and only time in court: Your honor, I feel that I have been convicted of violating an unjust statute. I will continue in the future, as I have in the past, to oppose this law in any way I can. Any other action would be in violation of my ideal of academic freedom?— that is, to teach the truth as guaranteed in our constitution, of personal and religious freedom. I think the fine is unjust. The case was appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court. In a 3