《电子技术数字基础 Digital Fundamentals》双语课件PPT-第12章 Intergrated Circuit Technologies.ppt

12 Integrated Circuit Technologies Note The sections of this PPT file in this chapter is not corresponding to the section in the textbook. 本课件的章节与课本章节并不一致，但涉及到课本中的部分内容。 12-1 Fundamentals of Semiconductor Semiconductor (半导体) : the conduction ability (导电能力) is between that of an insulator (绝缘体) and a conductor (导体). The most common semiconductive material is silicon (硅); however, germanium (锗) is sometimes used. 12-1-1 Semiconductor 12-1-1 Semiconductor The actual atomic structure is similar to diamond but the covalent bonds (共价键的束缚) in silicon are not as strong as those in diamond. In silicon, each atom shares a valence electron (价电子) with each of its four neighbors. 12-1-2 Electrons and Hole Current (电子电流和空穴电流) When an electron jumps out of the covalence(共价键), a vacancy (空位置) is left in the valence position. This vacancy is called a hole(空穴). For every electron jumping out of the covalence by thermal or light energy, there is one hole left in the corresponding position, creating what is called an electron-hole pair(电子空穴对). 当任何价电子由于热能或光照脱开共价键的束缚时，都会产生一个空穴，这就是所谓的电子空穴对。 12-1-2 Electrons and Hole Current Recombination (电子空穴的复合) occurs when a electron loses energy and falls back into a hole. 当电子失去能量而跳回空穴位置时，就称作为电子空穴的复合。 12-1-2 Electrons and Hole Current 12-1-2 Electrons and Hole Current At room temperature, a piece of pure silicon (纯净硅) has, at any instant (随时), a number of free electrons (自由电子) that are unattached to any atom and are drifting randomly throughout the material. Also, an equal number of holes are created when these electrons jump out of the covalence. 12-1-2 Electrons and Hole Current Two types of carriers (两种载流子): electron and hole. Two types of current: electron current and hole current (两种电流：电子电流和空穴电流). The movement of free electrons in a semiconductor is called electron current. The hole can move from one place to another in the crystal structure. And the current is called hole current. 12-1-2 Electrons and Hole Current 12-