国际学术会议海报(poster)模板(英文)9.ppt

* THEORETICAL BACKGROUND To react contingently toward a baby’s signals is part of the universal intuitive parenting repertoire (Papou?ek Papou?ek, 1991). In two recent studies vocalizing was the dominant modality followed by touching (Hsu Fogel, 2003; VanEgeren et al., 2001) Furthermore, there are culture-specific modulations: Gusii mothers from rural Kenya predominantly reacted by holding and touching whereas Boston middle-class mothers reacted primarily by looking and vocalizing (Richman et al., 1992) Japanese mothers reacted more by touching as compared to Euro-American mothers who used facial expressions and vocalizing more often (Fogel et al.,1988) Our study addresses the general occurrence of contingent responsiveness as well as the specificity of reactions using a multicultural design with mothers who differ with respect to their interactional preferences: Mothers with an independent model of parenting (Berlin and Los Angeles) should use distal modalities more often, Mothers with an interdependent model of parenting (rural Nso) should use proximal modalities more often, and Mothers with an autonomous relational model of parenting (Beijing, Delhi, urban Nso) should use both distal and proximal modalities equally often Contingency toward infant signals in mother-infant dyads from different cultural environments Joscha K?rtner Heidi Keller PROCEDURE Families were visited at home 10 minutes free play interaction between the caretaker and her 3-month old baby was videotaped METHODS – modalities for contingent responsiveness: Body contact (holding) Body stimulation (touching) Gaze (looking) Smile Facial expression (raised eyebrows, mouth open) Vocalization (talking) Object stimulation (toys) Acoustical stimulation (flipping, rattling) Mothers from Berlin and Los Angeles responded about 4 times more often with a distal than with a proximal modality (the ratios for the mothers of all other samples were around 2) Contingent responses are additions, modif