揭暄的学术交往与着述-instituteforthehistoryofnaturalscience.docVIP

揭暄的学术交往及其著述 陈悦（中国科学院自然科学史研究所，北京 100010） 摘要：揭暄是明末清初士人，经历明清鼎革后归隐山林，专心访学交游，其所著军事书籍及对宇宙论的探讨颇有见解，为当时学者所称道。揭暄少年时接受过传统儒学教育，并对西学有所接触；归隐后与著名学者如方以智、方中通、游艺等相熟并与江西著名学派成员走动频繁、学术交往活跃，形成了一个以避乱为机缘有着明显地缘联系、志趣相投的学术圈，并在学术活动中加深了对西学的理解。揭暄的著述在很大程度上受到与其交往学者关注的问题和学术背景影响并得到其观点的启发，在学术探讨和辩难中愈渐丰富和成熟起来。 关键词：揭暄；儒学；西学；学术圈；著述 中图分类号： 文献标识码： Jie Xuan’s scholarly intercouse and his writings CHEN Yue (The Institute for the History of Natural Science at CAS, Beijing 100010, China) Abstract: Jie Xuan was a scholar in late Ming and early Qing China. After experiencing the change of dynasties, he lived in seclusion and enjoyed contacting and visiting scholars. Jie Xuan’s discussion on military affairs and cosmology was commended by many contemporary scholars. Jie Xuan had obtained traditional education of Confucianism and had an contact with the western learning at his young age. When be living in seclusion, he and famous scholars as Fang Yizhi, Fang Zhongtong, You Yi etc., as well as scholars from famous schools in Jiangxi province, knew well with each other and visited frequently each other. They formed a scholarly group on the basis of region and interests. Jie Xuan’s writings were deeply influenced by the concerns of these scholars, and his ideas were enlightened and his understanding on western learnings were deepened by their viewpoints. By discussions and debates with these members, Jie Xuan gradualy constructed his particular theory on cosmology, which combined western learning and Chinese traditional knowledge. Key words: Jie Xuan; Confucianism; western learning; scholarly group 明末清初西学传入，对中国士人产生了巨大影响，其中宇宙学说、天文历法与地理学等对中国传统宇宙观产生冲击并引发了天学家和哲学家对宇宙论探讨的兴趣。尽管西学的追随者如徐光启、李之藻力推西学，认为其不但可明“度数”，亦能言“所以然”，但依然有众多士人不满足于西学所言之“故”，认为未达本质。接受儒学教育且热衷实学的揭暄秉承其师方以智的西学“详于质测，而拙于言通几”的观点，力求通过考虑中西天文知识，在宇宙学说上另辟蹊径以找寻到一个既能“言通几”又能集古贤之精华的学说。揭暄的晚年作品《璇玑遗述》正是其同时代讨论宇宙论的物理本质的最为系统的一部作品。本文试就揭暄的生平、学术交往作一分析和讨论，并对其著述情况作简要介绍。 一．揭暄及其家人 揭暄生于江西省广昌县，其祖父、父亲均为读书人——祖父为秀才、父亲为明诸生、被揭暄称为“宗叔”的揭重熙为明末进士。 揭暄祖父名宗臣，字国佑，号景仁，是在私塾里