词汇学4-词的构成.ppt

Word Formation (II) Overview Blending Clipping Acronym Backformation Other sources of new words Blending: combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word flush (flash blush) smog (smoke fog) 1. head + tail : autocide, motel 2. head + head: comsat (communations satellite) sitcom (situation comedy) 3. head + word: medicare, Eurasia 4. word + tail: lunarnaut, workfare Clipping: shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead 1. front clipping: quake (earthquake), phone (telephone) 2. back clipping: dorm (dormitory), memo (memorandum) 3. fron and back clipping: flu (influenza), fridge (refrigerator) 4. Phrase clipping: pub (public house), pop Note: changes in spelling and pronunciation fridge, bike, mike, coke Acronymy: joining the initial letters of names of social and political organization or special noun phrases and technical terms 1. Initialisms: pronounced letter by letter VOA, BBC, UFO 2. Acronyms: pronounced as a normal word NATO, AIDS,TESOL,IELTS Note: Some acronyms are formed with the initial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second. G-man, V-day Back-formation: removing the supposed suffixes editor---edit butler--- butle 1. abstract nouns diagnose diagnosis donate donation enthuse enthusiasm emote emotion 2. Human nouns loaf loafer burgle burglar beg beggar sculpt sculptor 3. Compound nouns and others merrymake merrymaking babysit babysitter 4. Adjectives drowse drowsy laze lazy Traditional Sources of New Words Words From Proper Names Reduplication Neoclassical Formation Miscellaneous Words from Proper Nouns Another minor type of word-formation is the coinage of common words from pro