渭北旱塬东部小麦不同播种方式试验.docVIP

渭北旱塬东部小麦不同播种方式试验 　　摘要：为了探索旱地小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）增产新途径，在渭北旱塬东部设置了小麦不同行距试验。结果表明，行距10、17、13 cm处理667 m2产量分别为231.7、229.2、225.8 kg，极显著高于20和23 cm。从群体结构上看，不同行距处理冬、春分蘖数无明显差异，但成穗数窄行距显著高于宽行距，单株穗数、千粒重也高。拔节期窄行距处理总分蘖数、4叶以上分蘖数和次生根数均高于宽行处理。抽穗期土壤水分测定结果表明，窄行距处理表土层高出宽行距2.3～3.3个百分点，耕作层高出3.4～4.6个百分点。从抗倒性上看，窄行距处理均无倒伏现象，随着行距的加宽倒伏愈加严重。 　　关键词：小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）；行距；土壤水分；群体结构；渭北旱塬东部 　　中图分类号：S512.1；S352 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）20-5187-03 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.20.005 　　Abstract： In order to explore new ways of dryland wheat production in east of Weibei plateau， this test was set. The results showed that the yield of 10，17，13 cm row spacing treatment were 231.7 kg/667 m2，229.2 kg/667 m2 and 225.8 kg/667 m2， significantly higher than 20 and 23 cm row spacing treatment. As far as population structure was concerned， the winter equinox tiller numbers had no obvious difference in different row spacing treatments， but spike number， ear number per plant and 1000 grain weight of narrow row spacing were significantly higher than wide row spacing. In jointing process， the total tillers， the above 4 leaves tiller number and the number of secondary roots of narrow spacing were higher than that of wide spacing. At heading stage soil moisture of narrow row spacing was higher than that of wide row spacing by 2.3-3.3 percentage points in layers of topsoil， and by 3.4-4.6 percentage points in tillage storey. From the perspective of lodging resistance， narrow row spacing treatments had no lodging. Lodging became more serious with the increase of row space. 　　Key words： wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）； row space； soil moisture； population structure； eastern Weibei plateau 　　渭北旱塬位于?西省渭河以北的黄土高原地区，包括行政区划上的渭南、宝鸡、咸阳、铜川及延安地区南部23个县，年降水量550～730 mm，保证率为80%的年雨量自西向东递减，西部500～600 mm左右，东部只有400 mm，降水偏少，且分布不均。干旱是当地的主要自然灾害，旱地小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）栽培是以蓄水保墒、提高自然降水利用率为中心进行的。20世纪80年代以来，渭北旱塬东部传统的倒茬作物豌豆、苜蓿面积大幅度减少，导致土壤肥力下降，自然降水利用率不高，产量减少严重。近年来还出现麦地投入不足、化肥施用过多、品种混杂退化等问题。针对以上问题，研究者从不同的技术角度出发做了大量工作。李华等[