词汇学007-stylistic.ppt

Stylistic meaning Language must be adjusted to fit different contexts or situations, where it is used for a specific purpose. One adjusts one’s language so as to make it appropriate in various situations in terms of: 1. The social relationship between the speakers or correspondents which may be that of friend to friend, or professor to student 2. The occasion Which may be: a class reunion / an official reception job interview / free talk in dorm 3. The subject matter: serious political issues / films linguistics / NBA 4. The mode of discourse: Spoken / written Martin Joos: five degrees of formality (speech styles) Oratorical or frozen Formal or deliberate Consultative Casual Intimate Which style is the best? Styles 1 and 2 generally occur in written report or in dignified public speech. Words marked in dictionary as “formal, literary, poetic, archaic” are to be used in these two styles. Style 3 is a polite and fairly neutral style; it is used when we are talking to a person whom we do not know well or to somebody who is senior to ourselves in terms of age or social position, common words are used in this styles. Styles 4 and 5 are used in conversations between friends or in personal letters, when the language is informal, familiar, warm and friendly. A word or meaning labelled colloquial or informal is appropriate in these styles. Which style is the best? None of the styles is better than any other, and appropriateness is the key to the good use of the various styles. 买方应于2012年10月19日前开立信用证，不如期开立，卖方有权取消合同，不另行通知。 The Buyer shall establish the letter of credit before Oct.19, 2012, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind the contract without further notice. rescind: to officially end a law, or change a decision or agreement shall:?You use?shall?to indicate that something must happen, usually because of a rule or law. You use?shall not?to indicate that something must not happen.?通常指按照规则或法律规定:必须，一定，将 本合同受中国法律管辖，并依中国法律解释。 This contract shall