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1983 Gamson 社会福利政策的媒体报道
The Political Culture of
Social Welfare Policy
WILLIAM A. GAMSON AND KATHRYN E. LASCH
By 1969, welfare had become a major issue in American politics. The
number of welfare recipients had doubled during the decade and welfare roles
were rising at the rate of 1 million persons annually. Existing programs were
under attack from those of many different political tendencies—each, of course,
emphasizing different interpretations of what was going on and why.
In the summer of 1969, the fledgling Nixon administration, amidst great
fanfare, announced a plan for sweeping welfare reform. This Family Assistance
Plan (FAP) represented a classic Nixon ploy. Critics to the left were
confounded by the inclusion of a guaranteed minimum income provision;
conservative critics were lured by the promise of putting welfare recipients to
work and dismantling welfare bureaucracy. Indeed, the initial reaction
suggested that the Family Assistance Plan had found a broad consensus and
would lead to the most sweeping welfare reform since the early New Deal.
In the next 2 years, this ball unraveled. The apparent consensus proved
illusory, the FAPs chief backers within the administration lost influence, and,
ultimately, Nixon turned his attention elsewhere, letting welfare reform
languish. This interesting story continues, but it is not the story that concerns us
and it has been told elsewhere (see Bowler 1974, Heffernan 1974, and Marmor
and Rein 1972).
The story of this aborted effort at welfare reform unfolded in a particular
symbolic environment. Political discourse surrounding the welfare issue draws
on a catalogue of available idea elements,
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