大学翻译理论与实践ppt课件 第六章.ppt

Chapter 6 Translation on Text Level 教学目的和要求：The students are required to be aware of the definition of the English and Chinese text, to have a good understanding of the different characteristics between different text styles. 教学重点： 1. How to make a qualified translated version according different text styles? 2. What’s the difference between the English and Chinese text?  教学难点： 1. Be aware of the differences between English and Chinese both in thinking mode and text structure; differences in vocabulary and different concern towards the same thing.2. Be sensitive to the differences and make use of the translation techniques in our work. Lecture One （3 periods） 重点：英汉篇章比较 难点：中西思维方式差异与英汉篇章 I、篇章 (Text) （7 minutes） 篇章又称语篇或话语， 英文为text 或discourse。对于语篇的定义，目前有两种不同的观点。形式结构派认为，语篇是大于句子的语言单位，语篇由句子组成；功能派则认为，语篇是一个语义单位，它与句子之间的关系是体现关系，即语篇由句子体现。 We can define the term “discourse” by looking in a dictionary. According to the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1985), discourse means (1) “a serious speech or piece of writing” and (2) “serious conversation.” Roughly speaking, it refers to attempts to study the organization of language above the sentence or above the clause, and therefore to study larger linguistic units, such as conversational exchange or written texts. Michael Stubbs (1983:1) (Michael Stubbs Discourse Analysis. The University of Chicago Press) 1） 英汉篇章比较（8 minutes） 总的来讲，英汉语篇章大致都可以分为三部分：开篇、中间、结尾。如果篇章是由若干段落所构成的，那么它就可分为引言段、展开段和结论段。在文意上又可分为启（起）、承、转、合四部分。这是英汉语篇章的大同，即二者在篇章总体结构上的共性。 同时，英汉篇章也有小异。所谓;小异，则指段落构成和语句安排方面的差别。 2）英汉语篇的基本差异：（35 minutes） 东方型 闪族型 斯拉夫型 英美型 如上图所示，汉语民族的思维模式是东方型，因而语篇的发展模式是一种螺旋式结构；而英语民族的思维模式是英美型结构，其语篇的发展模式也就是直线型的，即语篇的推进是按照一条直线进行展开 例如： But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already decided to the same anguish and travial, among whom is already that one who will so