呼吸衰竭的护理讲课.ppt

Let’s Review: Respiratory Anatomy Upper Respiratory Tract: Mouth, nose, throat (pharynx), larynx, trachea Lower Respiratory Tract: Lungs, bronchi, alveoli Medulla Oblongata Controls inspiration/expiration Microsoft clipart Anatomy Review Respiratory ReviewLet’s Take a Breath Together: Air is warmed and humidified. Cilia filter out dust particles. Macrophages destroy germs. Air goes to L and R bronchi. Then to the bronchioles. Through to the Alveoli. Oxygen and CO2 exchange takes place. Used with permission: Jensen M.S., Webanatomy 2007 Respiratory Review:Now your Breath is… Alveoli fill with air. Oxygen diffuses thru alveoli walls. Oxygen diffuses to Capillaries and bloodstream. Hemoglobin for transport of oxygen. Oxygen to the heart and to the body.  Used with permission: Jensen, M.S., Webanatomy (2007). Respiratory ReviewLet your air out… Hemoglobin frees oxygen. O2 to cells. CO2 is the waste product. Veins return CO2 to heart. Heart pumps CO2 to lungs. CO2 passes alveoli to be exhaled Use with permission: Jensen, M.S., Webanatomy (2007) Respiratory Quiz Respiratory Assessment: Understanding the anatomy of the lungs, where does the exchange of oxygen and CO2 occur: A. Bronchioles B. Aveoli C. Bronchial Tubes Click on underlined best answer. What is respiratory failure Respiratory failure develops when the rate of gas exchange between the atmosphere and blood is unable to match the bodys metabolic demands. It is diagnosed when the patient loses the ability to provide sufficient oxygen to the blood and develops hypoxemia or when the patient is unable to adequately ventilate and develops hypercarbia and hypoxemia. Respiratory failure is a syndrome in which the respiratory system fails in one or both of its gas exchange functions: oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination. In practice, respiratory failure is defined as a PaO2 value of less than 60 mm Hg while breathing air or a PaCO2 of more t