概述Introduction to community nursing-社区的护理学-课件-01.ppt

Introduction to community health nursing Lily L. Hsu School of Nursing Shanghai Jiao Tong University History of Community Health Nursing ?Before mid 1800s-Early Home Care with focus in Sick and Poor individual. Orientation: curative agencies: lay religious orders *St. Phoebe ? Mid 1800s to 1900-district Nursing with focus in Sick and poor individual Orientation: curative/less in prevention agencies: voluntary some government *William Rathbone History of Community Health Nursing ? 1900-1970 public health nursing- Pubic Health Needs, focus in family and orientation in Curative and Prevention agencies: government some voluntary *Lilliam Wald ?1970 to present-Community Health Nursing, focus in total community and oriented to population health, services address health promotion; illness prevention agencies: many kinds; some independent practice *Ruth Freedman Public Health Nursing Development in China  Early Stages: 1925 Beijing Union Hospital-Public Health Agency (Dr. Gland). 1930 rural Health Education 2000 Pay attention to city and rural areas community center development and practice model 2006-2007 Government emphasize the importance of Community health, improve community health centers, functions, farmer health insurances。 Challenge for China’s Community Health Nursing Elderly care issues China Adult Population National Health Statistics 现有宫颈癌患者40万人，死亡率达11.30% ；宫颈癌每年新发病例约13.15万 目前的乳腺癌发病率也已经达到了每10万人口35—40。 2007年中国糖尿病人约有3000万。据WHO必威体育精装版数据预测，到2010年中国糖尿病人将达到目前的4倍。 世界卫生组织预测，中国每年确诊的新增结核病例为880万。 National Health Statistics Maternal Mortality Rate 48.3/10万 （2004） Skillful Professional Handle delivery 97％ （2003） Female : male children attending school 1：1，Junior school admission 0.92 （2002） Female children attending elementary school 95.8% (2002) 15－25岁妇女识字率 98％ （2004） Newborn mortality rate 15.4/1000, 2004 1 year old infant death rate：30/1000 （2003） 5 years old childr