以人类血型为遗传学案例教学的思考与实践-复旦大学生命科学学院.pdfVIP

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2013 *, 35(*): 1―6 ISSN 0253-9772 遗传学教学 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2013.00000 以人类血型为遗传学案例教学的思考与实践 皮妍, 李晓莹, 怀聪, 王诗铭, 乔守怡, 卢大儒 , 200433 血型是人类日常生活中非常常见的一种遗传表型, 拥有丰富的遗传学内涵。随着科技的发展, 其内涵不 断得到新的揭示, 新的研究结果不断补充, 持续吸引着人们对血型遗传机制的探索。血型遗传案例除了与孟德 尔遗传和连锁遗传、基因突变和染色体畸变四大内容关联外, 还涉及到其他多方面的遗传学知识点。在教学中, 依据遗传学的知识脉络, 贯穿以ABO 血型作为经典案例, 结合拓展的白细胞血型, 孟买、Rh 、MN 等血型的遗 传规律及其应用, 并且开展相关的实验教学, 理论联系实际, 增强了学生的兴趣, 提高了教学效果。在遗传学实 验教学中, 有 80% 的学生选择 ABO 血型鉴定这个自选实验, 并表示出对这个实验的浓厚兴趣。在讲授相关知 识点时, 用恰当的血型案例为引导, 设计相关的讨论主题, 开展 PPT 展示性讨论和辩论式讨论, 所有的学生都 积极主动参与进来, 与现实生活相结合, 引导学生思考问题, 使学生的思维在辨析中得到操练, 提高分析问题 和解决问题的能力, 深刻理解遗传学基本理论知识。 遗传学; 血型遗传; 经典案例; 案例教学 Exploration on human blood type case in teaching practice of genet- ics PI Yan, LI Xiao-Ying, HUAI Cong, WANG Shi-Ming, QIAO Shou-Yi, LU Da-Ru School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China Abstract: Blood type, which harbors abundant genetics meaning, is one of the most common phenotypes in human life. With the development of science and technology, its significance is unceasingly updated and new finding is increasingly emerging, which constantly attracts people to decipher the heredity mechanism of blood type. In addition to four main asso- ciated contents, i.e., Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage, gene mutations, and chromosome abnormalities, the blood type case also covers many other aspects of the genetics knowledge. Based on the genetic knowledge context, we can interest the students and improve the teaching output in genetic teaching practice by combining with explaining ABO blood type case and heredity mechanism, expanding leucocyte groups, and introducing infr