语法专题2-名词代词.ppt

语法专题2—名词、代词 名词的数 a. 可数名词复数的构成 1. 规则变化 2. 不规则变化 1. 规则变化 1）词尾+s seat – seats lake – lakes 2）辅音字母+y结尾，y?i, +es story –stories 元音字母+y结尾，直接+s boy – boys holiday – holidays 3）-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾，+ es dress –dresses brush - brushes 4）-f, -fe结尾， ? -v, +es life – lives knife - knives 5）辅音字母+o, +es potato – potatoes hero – heroes note: 元音字母 +o, 外来词/缩略词, +s zoo – zoos photo – photos 2. 不规则变化 1) child – children foot – feet mouse – mice Englishman – Englishmen note: German - Germans 2) 单复数同形 Chinese – Chinese sheep – sheep means – means 名词的数 b. 惯用单数或复数的名词 搭配中常见 with one’s own eyes; catch sb’s eye; makes friends with; sports meet; the Olympic Games; shake hands with 惯用复数形式 clothes trousers glasses 名词词量的表示 a. 可数名词词量的表示 1. num. +n.[C] twenty cups fifty postcards 2. “对、双、队、群”等 + n.[C] 表定量 a box of matches 3. (a) few, many, a large / small number of, some + n. [C] 表示不定数量 4. 以复数形式出现的名词量的表示 a pair of trousers / glasses / shoes a suit of clothes Note: 除shoes外，以上词不能与基数词连用表示数量 note: People (人)作为复数名词，a person, two people; (民族) 作为单数名词， two peoples 两个民族，两国人民 b. 不可数名词量的表示 n. [U] 不能直接被num.修饰, 要用a piece of 一类的修饰语 a piece of news a piece of bread a piece of advice 其他表示个体的词 (note: 参考《朗文当代英语词典》彩图插页) a loaf of bread a bowl of rice a drop of water two loaves of bread four blocks of ice thirty cakes of soap 与much, (a) little, a large / small amount of 连用，谓语动词用单数 note: plenty of; a lot of; any; some, enough 后面可跟[C] [U] plenty of apples plenty of water some oranges some orange juice 兼做[C]和[U]的名词 a. [U]物质; [C]:份数；种类 coffee – a coffee some fruit – summer fruits [C]:整体；[U]部分 a cake – a piece of cake a big fish – a little fish b. 同作[C][U]表示不同意义 [C] change 变化 room 房间 time 次数 paper 报纸，论文 [U] change 零钱 room 空间 time 时间 paper 纸张 c. [U]尤其自然现象 +不定冠词/ adj,