人大考博语法基础3人大考博语法基础3.ppt

语法基础 非谓语动词 不定式 动名词 分词 1、不定式 只能用不定式的词语 afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, endeavour, expect, fail, fear, hesitate, intend, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prepare, pretend, refuse, resolve, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish （2）省略to： cannot but(不由得), cannot help but(忍不住), cannot choose but(不得不), do anything/nothing but(只能), had better(最好), would rather/would sooner/had rather(宁愿), may just as well(还是…的好), would you please(请您), rather than(而不愿) e.g. I would rather die than be insulted. (3)不定式的复合结构 ① for +名词/代词 +不定式 It is important for you to use your time wisely. ② of +名词/ 代词+不定式 It was brave of him to dive from the cliff. 这类形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, wicked, wise, wrong等。 (形容词与名词或代词有系表关系) (4) 不等式的否定式 not+不等式 What you should do is not to be late next time. 2、动名词(G.) (1)只能用动名词 ① It’s no good/use…，It’s nice/fun…，It’s a waste of time… It’s no use talking to her. It’s no good waiting for him. ② “there be + no +动名词”结构 There is no joking on this matter.（这事开不得玩笑。） There is no denying the fact that she was taught by him.（无可否认，她是他教出来的。） ③有些动词只要求动名词作宾语。 acknowledge, admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, mind, miss, pardon permit, postpone, practise, prevent, require, resist, risk, stop, suggest, understand, can’t help ④介词后；有些带to的动词词组后 confess to, devote to, look forward to, object to, oppose to, submit to，give up, leave off, put off, feel like, accuse of, aim at, charge with, approve of, depend on, dream of, excuse for, hear of, insist on, keep from, persist in, prevent from, set about, spend in, stop from, suspect of, succeed in, thank for, think of  此外，还有以下词组也要求与动名词连用：have difficulty, have fun, have a good/hard tim