初中英语语法讲解初中英语语法讲解.doc

语法结构应试技巧 1．基本内容 从《基本要求》来看，句法测试主要要求掌握以下内容： ①Tense(时态) Simple present，past，future(一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时) Present and past progressive(现在进行时和过去进行时) Future progressive(将来进行时) Present and past perfect(现在完成时和过去完成时) Future perfect(将来完成时) Present perfect progressive(现在完成进行时) Past perfect progressive(过去完成进行时) ②Passive voice(被动语态) Passive voice in simple tenses(被动语态的一般式) Passive voice in perfect and progressive tenses(被动语态的完成式和进行式) Passive voice of Phrasal verbs(短语动词的被动语态) Passive voice of modal verbs(含情态动词的被动语态) ③Subjunctive mood(虚拟语气) Subjunctive mood in conditional sentences(用于条件句中的虚拟语气) Omission of “if”(if的省略) Subjunctive mood in that-clause after“wish”，“suggest”，“demand”，etc． (用于wish，suggest，demand等动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。) Subjunctive mood in the clauses after “as if／though”，“Its time…”，etc． (用于as if/ though, Its time…后的从句中的虚拟语气。) Subjunctive mood in the construction “would rather” (用于would rather句型中的虚拟语气。) ④To V(Infinitive动词不定式) As subject，object，attribute，adverbial and complement (用作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语) Wh-words+ to V(phrase)(疑问词加不定式[短语]) To be+ V-ed，to have+ V-ed，to be+ V-ing(不定式的被动式、完成式和进行式) ⑤V-ing(Gerund动名词) As object(of vt. and prep.)，subject and predicative (用作及物动词和介词的宾语，用作主语和表语) being+ V-ed，having+ V-ed(动名词的被动式和完成式) ⑥V-ing and V-ed(Present and past participle现在分词和过去分词) As attribute，adverbial and complement(用作定语、状语和补足语) Being+ V-ed，having+ V-ed，having been+ V-ed(现在分词的被动式、完成式和完成被动式) ⑦Basic sentence patterns and sentence elements(基本句型和句子成分) Pattern 1：S+V(主+谓) Pattern 2：S+V+O(主+谓+宾) Pattern 3：S+ V+ Oi+ Od(主+谓十间宾+直宾) Pattern 4：S+V+O+CO(主+谓+宾+宾补) ⑧There be(There be结构) ⑨Agreement between subject and predicate V(主语和谓语动词的一致关系) Noun clause(名词从句) Attributive clause(定语从句) Adverbial clause(状语从句) Apposition(同位关系) Coordination(并列) Subject-verb inversion(主谓倒装) Emphasis(强调) the use of it(it的用法) Negation(否定) Omission(省略) Parenthesis(插入语) 2.考题解析与学习指导 动词的时态 例：That