小儿外科疾病诊疗指南-腹部外科.doc

小儿外科疾病诊疗指南—腹部外科 目录 腹痛····················································2 便秘····················································4 先天性肠旋转不良····················································8 消化道重复畸形····················································10 梅克尔憩室····················································12 肠套叠····················································13 肠扭转····················································15 急性阑尾炎····················································17 消化道异物····················································18 先天性巨结肠症····················································20 巨结肠同源性疾病····················································27 继发性巨结肠症····················································28 直肠、结肠息肉····················································29 女婴直肠舟状窝瘘····················································31 肛周脓肿····················································32 肛 瘘····················································33 肛 裂····················································35 腹股沟疝····················································36 嵌顿性腹股沟疝····················································38 卵黄管残留畸形····················································39 原发性腹膜炎····················································41 先天性胆总管囊肿····················································43 胆囊炎、胆结石····················································45 急性胰腺炎····················································47 胰腺囊肿····················································49 脾功能亢进····················································51 小儿门静脉高压症····················································55 腹部损伤···················································58 腹 痛 腹痛（abdominalgia)是婴幼儿常见的症状，主要靠患儿自述疼痛的部位,但儿童的定位能力差，遇到年龄较小的婴幼儿更无法清楚表述，只能凭患儿一反常态的阵发性哭闹不安、出汗、面色苍白、两下肢屈曲不肯伸直的症状与特殊体位来判断。 【病因】 急腹症:腹内脏器炎症、穿孔、出血或梗阻。①炎症：急性阑尾炎、梅克尔憩室炎、急性胰腺炎等。②腹部外伤:可引起空腔脏器穿孔或实质性器官破裂出血，并继发腹膜炎；除了外伤，肠坏死也可致肠穿孔。③梗阻:肠梗阻、肠套叠、胆绞痛、肾绞痛、卵巢囊肿蒂扭转、睾丸扭转、嵌顿疝等。 非急腹症的外科病:腹部慢性、亚急性疾病，如消化性溃 疡、腹腔结核；慢性不完