Six Decades of the People’s Congress System.doc

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Six Decades of the People’s Congress System

Six Decades of the People’s Congress System   On September 21, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the founding of the Peoples Republic of China at the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in Zhongnanhais Huairen Hall in Beijing. The meeting determined the establishment of the National People’s Congress (NPC) as the highest organ of state power, while the CPPCC plenary session would temporarily exercise the NPCs power before the first NPC assembled. Five years later, more than 1,200 deputies from around the na- tion gathered in Huairen Hall for the First Session of the 1st NPC, marking the official establishment of the peoples congress system in China. The system allows Chinese citizens to elect deputies to form multi-tiered people’s congresses, representing them to exercise their power to govern the state. The year 2014 marks the 60th birthday of Chinas people’s congress system. Over six decades, the system has witnessed increasing advancements in terms of legal system, electoral system, and deputy diversity and constantly moved towards democracy and the rule of law, although it suffered destruction and even regression during the “cultural revolution”period (1966-1976). Its evolvement mirrors the development of Chinese society. Maturing Legal System According to Chinas current Constitution, the NPC and its Standing Committee exercise the legislative power of the state. Undoubtedly, the peoples congress system has played a significant role in making China a country under the rule of law. In 1954, the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China was passed at the First Session of the 1st NPC. Over the following years, the NPC and its Standing Committee formulated a series of laws and regulations that ensured the smooth operation of the state and society. However, across the two decades from 1957 when the country launched the Anti-Rightist Movement through the “cultural revolution,” Chinas pace of legislation

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