中国麋鹿遗传多样性现状与保护对策ξ-生物多样性.pdfVIP

生物多样性 　1996 ,4 (3) :130～134 CHIN ESE BIODIV ERSIT Y 中国麋鹿遗传多样性现状与保护对策 于长青 ( 中国林业科学研究院森林保护研究所, 　北京　100091) 摘 　要 　通过对麋鹿野生种群的绝灭过程、圈养历史、种群增长及遗传多样性状况的分析研究 ,认为麋 鹿脱离野生种群成为完全的圈养群体约有 100 多年的历史 ,捕猎和栖息地丧失是其绝灭的根本原因。 麋鹿最初引入欧洲时曾经历了严重的近交衰退阶段 , 目前其耐受近交的能力显著增强。截至1994 年我 国麋鹿已达近500 只 ,其遗传变异量约为其野生种群的 70 % 。在我国重建麋鹿自然种群不仅完全可能 , 而且也只有如此才能使麋鹿在自然中进化并丰富其受损的遗传多样性。 关键词 　麋鹿 ,种群增长 ,遗传多样性 ,近交衰退 ,有效种群大小 ,蛋白质多态性。 Status of genetic diversity and conservation strategy of Pere David’s deer in China/ ( Yu Changqing / / CHI NESE BIODIVERSITY. —1996 ,4( 3) :130～134 The paper explores the extinction of wild population , history and population growth in captivity , and the sta tus of genetic diversity for Pere David ’s deer. The results show that Pere David’s deer was extinct in China in the end of 19th century mainly because of hunting and loss of habitat. Inbreeding depression in the viability and sex ratio occurred in the early days since the deer were introduced into Europe. The gathering and releas ing of the deer into the vast Woburn Park made the social behavior fully expressed and the population grew rapidly and strengthened the capacit y to tolerate inbreeding. Now there are about 500 Pere David’s deer in China. The reintroduced Pere David’s deer in Dafeng reserve have adapted to the seminatural condition very well both in feeding and reproduction , and the effective population size is about 26 with the loss of heterozy gosity about 30 % of the wild population. It is suggested that new farms and more natural population experi ments have to be established for conserving the genetic diversity of the deer