考研英语翻译讲座第10讲.ppt

精英考研——英语翻译讲座 第十讲　定语从句　和分替换 考题实例：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. （1998） 但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 精英考研——英语翻译讲座 下面是英译汉曾经出过的涉及定语从句的几道题： 1. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. 即使是高明的作家，也可能无法描写出把一个面孔与另一个面孔区别开来的全部特征。 2. For the population as a whole we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world. 从人口的总体角度考虑，我们必须更多地关注摄入少量的、并在无形中污染世界的杀虫剂所造成的延缓影响。 精英考研——英语翻译讲座 3. Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. 1998年世界杯被捧走以后很久，失望的球迷们还在咒骂那些有争议的裁定，这些裁定剥夺了他们所支持的球队获胜的机会。(另起一句翻译) 从以上三道考题可以看出，定语从句出现在不同的位置，我们所翻译处理的方法手段也不尽相同。 精英考研——英语翻译讲座 II. 翻译定语从句的常用方法技巧 1.合并法 即在句式较短的情况下，将定语从句用“……的”结构译出。如： 1) Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。 2) In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all. 在存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有一点灰尘。 精英考研——英语翻译讲座 2.分译法 分译法即化整为零，分别翻译；对于长而复杂的定语从句，我们可以采取此法；如： 1) They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 2) Between these two tiny particles, the proton and the electron, there is a powerful attraction that is always present between negative and positive electric charges. 在质子和电子这两个微粒之间有一个很大的吸引力，而这个吸引力总是存在于正、负电荷之间。 精英考研——英语翻译讲座 3.替换法 混合法即是为了便于译文的表达，采用打破原文的定语结构的方法，用自己的话译出原文的意思；如： 1) There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。 2) Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes. 好的钟摆可以自动补偿温度变化造成的误差。 精英考研——英语翻译讲座 4. 兼有状语功能的