初中被动语态讲解.jsp.doc

PAGE PAGE 1 第三帝国时代公司帝国时代 初三英语被动语态讲解 （一）语态的基本概念和种类 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的承受者为被动语态。如：They built the bridge.?? The bridge was built by them.(二)被动语态的构成被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态在各种时态中的构成以及人称和数的变化。一般现在时：am／is／are＋动过分 This boy is called Jack.一般过去时：was／were＋动过分 I wasn’t chosen this time.一般将来时：will／shall be/be going to be ＋动过分 When will the match be held?现在进行时：am／is／are being＋动过分Another bridge is being built over the Changjiang River at present. 目前长江上正在建造另一座大桥 过去进行时：was/were ＋动过分This bridge was being built when I went to university last year.现在完成时：have／has been＋动过分 Has the book been published yet?口诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。※情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词 情态动词有：shall should will would can could may might must need The computer must be repaired now. （三）被动语态的用法1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night.????一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.???? 这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike.????窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.???? 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.?????? 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 口诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 口诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. → The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe观察,?遵守,?注意到, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：I saw him go into the teachers’office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’office. 看见他进入了教师办公室。(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在