八怎样使译文流畅(上).pptVIP

How to Translate Coherently Part one 教学目的：本将的重点是怎样使译文流畅，重点解决如下问题： 教学内容： 1. Collocations 2. addition and omission 3. The Consistency of Subject (主语的一致性) 4. 主语、谓语、插入语的位置 5.句子的对称 6. 关于“头轻脚重”问题 7. 平行成分的先后顺序 8. 断句与合句 1. Collocations 主语与谓语、主语与表语、主语与宾语、谓语与状语、动词与其后的介词短语、系动词与表语、谓语与宾语、修饰语与中心词、介词与介词宾语、形容词与介词，在这些词之间都有一定的搭配关系，如果搭配关系不当，译文就不会地道，读起来自然就感到不流畅。 1)The collocation between subject and predicate (1) 人格化问题 (Personification) 有些动词，在汉语里只能用于人，在英语里可用于人，也可用于物，如：汉语的“目睹”，只能说人目睹，不能说物目睹，而英语的see, witness, escape 既可以用于人，也可以用于物，如： I witnessed the moment when they recognized each other. AUGUST 2 1917 witnessed the first landing of an aircraft on a moving ship. 罗马遭遇了历史上的大事件。 Rome witnessed great historic events. （2）改变主语：通过改变主语的方法使译文的主语和谓语搭配。如： 各国人民的正义斗争都是互相支持的。 The people of the world supported each other in their just struggles. 用被动语态使主语和谓语搭配： 上海港不断更新设备，这个港口的生产已经面目一新。 Now the production at this port has taken on a new look, as Shanghai Port have constantly replaced the old equipments with the new. 比较： As the old equipments have constantly been replaced with the new in Shanghai Port, the production at this port has taken on a new look. 有时我们还可以把原文主语的定语译为主语： 任何新生事物的成长都是要经过艰难曲折的。 New things always have to experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow． (3) 主语与表语的配搭 他看起来年纪没那么大。 He doesn’t look his years. 比较：He doesn’t look his age. 这篇文章浅显易懂。 This article is obvious and easy． This article is easy to read and understand. （4）谓语与状语的搭配 要选择适当的副词和介词短语。 这个部长受命归国。 The minister was ordered domestically. 比较：The minister was ordered home． 要注意把只有延续性的动作、表示状态的动词与表示暂时的动作区别开，要使动词与状语相搭配。如： 离开家时，我穿上了大衣。 I wore my overcoat before I left home． I put on my overcoat before I left home． 有时译文的谓语动词不能与状语互相搭配，这时我们可将状语译为谓语，如： 总之，我们要千方百计地力争国民经济持续、均衡、高速发展。 In short，we must devise every possible way to secure a sustained, proportionate and high-speed development of the economy. (5)一定的动词要求用一定的介词。 一个士兵大腿受了伤。 A?soldier?has?been?wounded?in?the?thigh. A?soldier?has?been?injured?on?the?thigh. （6）系动词与表语的搭配 如：生病fal