模块单元语法动词不定式.pptVIP

Grammar To-infinitive 动词不定式 ;1.动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，否定形式是not to do。 2.动词不定式可以单独使用或用作动词 不定式短语的一个部分。 3.不定式在句中可做主语、宾语、状语、表语、宾语补足语和定语等，但不能 单独作谓语。 ;一.动词不定式的时态和语态 ;含义： 1.一般式：表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生。 She seems to know the secret. I hope to see you next week. 2.进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且强调正在进行。 He seems to be thinking deeply.;3.完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. 4.完成进行式：表示的动作在谓语动词动作之前且一直在进行的动作。 She is said to have been writing the novel for years.;二.动词不定式的否定式: 在to前加not. She seems not to be happy today. ;三。动词不定式的句法功能;2. 作宾语 ;3. 作宾语补足语;I have a letter to post. (不定式to post做定语，修饰名词letter) 做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 She had only a small room to live in. ;5. 作表语;6. 作状语 1）表示目的。 They worked hard day and night to pay back the debt. 2）表示结果。 I hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off. 3）表示原因。 She felt disappointed to hear the news that she hadn’t passed the exam. ;1.在feel, hear, listen to 等感官动词后，或在let, make, have 等使役动词后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带to。 但是如果变成被动结构时，必须带to。;I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. She made me promise to write every day. I was made to promise to write every day.;2.would rather, had better和why not 后面，不定式不带to。;3.当两个动词不定式由and, or, than, rather than, as或like相连接时，通常第二个不定式要省略to。;(4)不定式在介词but, except后时，若介词前动词do的各种形式，介词后的不定式不带to。例如：;五。个别特殊情况： 1。疑问词+动词不定式 在句中作主语，表语或宾语。 How to solve the problem is a problem. 2.动词不定式的主动式表示被动含义，可以看成是省略了动词不定式的逻辑主语for sb.(you,me...) The book is difficult (for me )to read. The film is great fun (for us ) to see.