液压系统流量控制阀工作原理分析与结构设计说明书.doc

液压系统流量控制阀工作原理分析与结构设计 [摘要] 调速阀是一种被广泛应用的流量控制阀，它是利用改变节流阀的通流面积来控制流量，通过定差减压阀来补偿负载变化对流量的影响。虽然其具有结构简单、维修方便、成本低等优点，但普通调速阀在瞬间启动的时会产生明显的前冲现象，致使流量稳定性差，回路效率低。 本次设计的新型调速阀是在现有调速阀的基础上改进而成的，在设计中还借鉴了一些企业的专利。其工作原理是在利用液动换向阀的作用使减压阀在系统启动的时候开口减小，从而使流量减小，避免了启动时的前冲现象以及流量的不稳定性。 本设计与普通调速阀相比具有如下改进：在原有调速阀的结构基础上增加了一个液动换向阀；在功能上解决了启动冲击和流量的不稳定问题，进而使得工件的加工质量得到保证。 [关键词] 调速阀；流量；前冲现象；稳定性； The Operating Principle and structural design of the flow control valve of hydraulic system [Abstract] Control valve is a widely used flow control valve, it is used to change the flow area of the throttle valve to control flow and the poor through relief valve is set to compensate for load changes on flow. Although its simple structure, easy maintenance, low cost, the common control valve in an instant when the start of the phenomenon will have significant forward setting, resulting in poor flow stability, circuit efficiency is low. The design of the new control valve is in the existing control valve formed the basis of improvements in the design and it draws on a number of corporate patents. Its working principle is to use of the role of hydraulic valve to valve opening at boot time reduced, thereby reducing traffic to avoid the start of the pediment, and the phenomenon of flow instability. This design compared with the normal control valve has the following improvements: the structure of the original speed control valve based on the addition of a hydraulic valve; in the functional solution to the start of the instability of the impact and flow, thus making the processing quality of the workpiece guaranteed. [Keywords] Control Valve; Flow; Forward setting phenomenon; Stability; 目 录 引言 1 概 述 1 1.1机床液压系统 1 1.2流量控制阀 2 1.2.1流量控制阀的定义 2 1.2.2流量控制阀的历史以及国内外发展现状 2 1.2.3流量控制阀的发展方向 4 1.2.4流量控制阀的组成、分类 5 2 流量控制阀的工作原理分析 7 2.1节流阀的工作原理分析 7 2.1.1节流阀的结构与性能 7 2.1.2节流阀的工作原理分析 9 2.2溢流节流阀的工作原理分析 11 2.2.1溢流节流阀的结构与性能 11 2.2.2溢流节流阀的工作原理分析 14 2.3调速阀的工作原理分析 16 2.3.1调速阀的结构与性能 16 2.3.2调速阀的工作原理分析 20 3 调速阀的结构设计 23 3.1设计初始数据 23 3.2设计要求及功能分析 23