从《我是猫》看日本文学中“多余人”的形象特征.doc

内容摘要： 日本“多余人”是东方文学的独特风景。夏目漱石在《我是猫》中塑造了苦沙弥、迷亭等知识分子形象，他们自视是精神上的贵族，思想上的先知，但他们意志上的怯懦和行动上的懒惰，又让他们成为“逃遁者”。这就是日本文学中的“多余人”形象。他们最大的特点是“逃遁”，被称为“东方隐士”，明显地表现为回避矛盾，避免激化，减少正面对抗；其次是“清谈”，被视为“名士风流”。再次是远离群众，尽管表现不明显，还是更多的表现出一种游离其间的态度。日本“多余人”的产生有它特定的历史条件，可以说日本“多余人”是应明治维新的时代而生的，但由于早期资本主义发展得急促，而导致发育得不成熟。同时，日本“多余人”的出现也是多种因素合力的结果，既有东方文化中儒释道的消极影响，又有日本民族传统的“大和”精神的深沉影响。当然，日本“多余人”形象的产生具有普遍的世界文化意义。 关键词： 多余人 形象特征 逃遁 清谈 Abstract: Japanesesurplus person is the special scenery of eastern literature.Natsume Soseki modeled some intellectuals in I am a cat ,such as Coldmoon and Medonna. These intellectuals regarded themselves as the nobility on the spirit. But they were Lazy on actions. These made them become escapers. This issurplus person image in the Japanese literature.Their biggest characteristics is toescape, which called eastern recluse scholar, They expressed clearly in order to get around an antinomy, avoid arousing to turn, reduce the resists on front sides. It is empty talk secondly, which is seen as The well-known scholar is romantic.Thirdly they kept off masses, though the performance isnt obvious, still expressing a kind of attitude which swims to leave in the interval morely.The creation of surplus person in Japan included its particular history condition, We can say surplus person in Japan was the inevitable overcome of the ages emerge with the tide of the times. But the capitalism developed hurriedly, so it caused to develop in early days and not to mature. In the meantime, the emergence of surplus person in Japan is also the result of various factor cooperates, the Confucian releases the negative influence of Taoism, and then has Japanese race traditional big with spirit to sink influence deeply in the current oriental culture.Certainly, the creation ofsurplus person in Japan image has widespread world cultural meaning. Key words: Surplus person Image characteristic Escape Empty talk 目 录 引言 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 4 一、解读文本《我是猫》 ……………………………………………………………… 4 二、日本“多余人”的形象特征