八大句子成分和五个基本句型.ppt

八大句子成分和五个简单句型 八大句子成分 主语， 谓语， 宾语， 定语， 状语， 表语， 补足语， 同位语 1）主语：是一个句子的主体、主题，是全句述说的对象。 Students study. We are friends. 2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如： We plant trees every year. We study for the people. I can speak a little English. 3）宾语：表示行为的对象，动作的承受者 People make chances. I am reading a book. I like to play with him. 4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。 This is a red sun. He is a tall boy. I bought an English-Chinese dictionary. ５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。 The students study hard. I often write to him. I sleep at night. He sat there. ６）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。一般与连系动词构成系表结构。 This table is long. Her face turned red. The rubbish smells terrible. 7. 补语，起补充说明的作用 I asked him to have dinner. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 I consider him a gentleman. 8. 同位语 两个结构，前后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，后者是前者的同位语。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语I am sure to succeed. Practice: The tall boy often plays football in the playground at weekends. (定语)主语 (状语)+ 谓语 +宾语（状语 状语） 基本句型之一：主+谓+宾 五个基本句型 基本句型一: 基本句型二: 基本句型三: 基本句型四: 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 基本句型五: S + Vi. (主+谓) S + Lv + P (主+系+表) S + Vt. + O (主+谓+宾) S + Vt. + IO + DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 S + Vt. + O + C (主+谓+宾+宾补) S + Vi. (主+谓) 1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着.2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了. │ │ 2. S + Lv + P (主+系+表) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典.2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好. │ │ │ │ 3. S + Vt. + O (主+谓+宾) 1. Who knows the answer？ 谁知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书.3. He admits that he made a mistake. 他承认犯了错误. │ │ │ │ │ │ 4. S + Vt. + IO + DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳.2. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片.3. He bought you a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.　 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 5. S + Vt. + O + C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 1. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色.2. They found the house deser