传染病学名解和问答.doc

传染病学名解： (Herxhmer reaction)：The illness gets worse after the initiation of penicillin therapy. In 1/2 to 4 hours after the first dose, it begins abruptly with chills, high fever and myalgia which persists for 1/2 to 1 hours, then it comes down suddenly (Primary shock)：Primary shock occurred from the 3rd to 7th day after HFRS virus onset because of plasma exudation resulting in volume depletion 传染源：是指能向外排除病原体的人或动物 玫瑰疹：见于病程7-13天的伤寒患者的胸腹背部及四肢，表现为淡红色小丘疹，直径约2-4mm，压之褪色，多在10个以下，成批出现，2-4天消退 隐性感染：又称亚临床感染，指病原体侵入人体后，仅引起机体发生特异性免疫应答，而不引起或只引起轻微的组织损伤，因而在临床上不显出任何症状、体征，甚至生化改变，只能通过免疫学检查发现 (sustained fever)：It means the temperature keeps at 39-40℃ constantly. Circadian variation less than 1℃. Seen in pneumonia, typhoid fever. (recrudescence)：when the patient’s body temperature not yet drops to the normalcy, it elevates again. The blood raise often is the masculine gender, it may have some reases with bacteriemia which has not been completely controlled. 高血容量综合症：出血热少尿期，水钠潴留使组织水肿而出现的临床综合征，表现为体表静脉充盈，脉搏洪大，脉压差增大，脸部胀满和心率增快，严重者出现心衰和肺水肿 持续性全身淋巴结肿大综合征：艾滋病第三期，主要表现为除腹股沟淋巴结以外，全身其他部位两处或两处以上淋巴结肿大。淋巴结直径在1cm以上，质地柔韧，无压痛，无粘连能自由活动，活检淋巴结为反应性增生 伴随免疫：人感染血吸虫后可获得部分免疫力，即病人门静脉血管内仍有成虫寄生，对再感染有一定的免疫力，但这种免疫力无损于体内的成虫 (convert infection/subclinical infection)：It means only a special immune response without or with very mild damage to the host after the agent entered which can be diagnosed by serologic means with demonstration of either a single high titer or a fourfold rise in titer to the infection. It is the most common model of infectious. (Negri body)：Negri body is pathognomonic for rabies virus infection. It is oval eosinophilic neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion measuring 3-10 micron in diameter. They are most consistently seen in the pyramidal cells of hippocampus and Purkinje cells of cerebellum. (ectopic lesion)：The schistosome eggs and/ or adult worm migrate and parasitize the organs outside the portal venous system and cause damages. It is relatively high in lung and brain. (Pyemia)：The multiplying site of ba