考博英语翻译技巧策略精华篇.doc

考博英语翻译 第一部分：总 论 大纲要求：考察考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语材料的能力。约400词的文章，译成汉语或英语，要求译文准确，完整，通顺。（阅读理解能力+翻译的主要基本技能） 2007年改卷评分标准 1．如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。 2．如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，应酌情扣分，扣分不得超过1分。 3．汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。 翻译部分的重要性 英汉语言对比 英语句子结构复杂，多长句；汉语多短句。例： Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. (38 words) (2001. 73) 皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians, who equate their activity with specific techniques. (30 words) (1999. 75) 它同样适用于传统历史学家和社会科学历史学家，前者将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部和外部的批评，后者把历史研究活动等同于具体的研究方法。 Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected there is a “high temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground. (30 words) 比较： A: 用火箭进行研究已证实了人们早就有过怀疑的大气层的一个中心在距地面30英里高空的“高温带”的这种奇怪的事实。 B: 人们早就怀疑，大气层中有一个“高温带”，其中心在距地面30英里的高空。利用火箭进行研究后，这一奇异的事实已得到证实。 Captured documents which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prison-of-war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially. (37 words) 我们从经由这个走廊渗透进来的人身上缴获的文件，加上近几个月从战俘那里得到的口供，使我们相信渗透的规模确实扩大了很多。 The careful deductive reasoning, too, which Political Economy teaches is of great importance to the historian, and the habits of mind acquired from it are even more valuable than the knowledge of principles which it gives, especially to students of facts, who might otherwise be overwhelmed by the mass of their materials. (Lectures on The Industrial Revolution in England by Arnold Toynbee) 英语多用被动，汉语多用主动。英语使用被动的情况有： 不知道行为者是谁或不