高考英语复习 被动语态 .pptVIP

eg The teacher made me go out of the classroom.-- I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 　　We saw him play football on the playground.-- He was seen to play football on the playground （ 3.） 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。 (begin,open,start,stop,end, finish,shut, move ,run...) The shop opens at 6 am. every day． * * Grammar The Passive Voice 语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1）We use electricity to run machines. （主动语态） 2）Electricity is used to run machines. （被动语态） 一、被动语态的定义： 语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。 被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。 表格：被动态基本结构 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去将来时 一般将来时 过去进行时 现在进行时 一般过去时 一般现在时 被动语态结构 时态 am/is/are done was/were done am/is/are being done was/were being done shall/will be done would be done have/has been done had been done 二、何时使用被动语态呢？ 一）、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world． 二）、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen．我的自行车被盗了。 三）、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and …… It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知… … It is well known that … 据推测说… … It is supposed that … 四）、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。 例如： Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao． 魏华是被林涛叫来的。 五）、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989． 六、表示礼貌时。例如： You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00p．m．tomorrow．敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。 三、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？ 1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last， own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如： 【正】The shirt fits him very well． 【误】He is fitted very well by the shirt． 2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如： 【正】Look at the blackboard，please． 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you． 3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如： 【正】He joined the League in 1998． 【误】The League was joined by him in 1998． 4.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如： 【正】The boy make faces in class． 【误】Faces are made by the boy in class．