渭干河平原绿洲灌区合理灌排比探讨.docx

渭干河平原绿洲灌区合理灌排比探讨胡顺军1,艾尼瓦尔·吾买尔2,田长彦1,周宏飞1,宋郁东1,王永平2,蒋庆华2,艾则孜2,黄文山2,吐尔逊2(1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011;2.渭干河流域管理处,新疆库车县842000)摘要:根据灌区盐量平衡原理,采用实际监测资料,对渭干河及其所属的库车、沙雅、新和县平原绿洲灌区进行盐均衡分析,深入探讨了临界灌排比的影响因素及其确定方法。研究结果表明:(1)灌排比的概念简捷明了,体现了干旱区水利建设、灌溉农业的特点,可作为衡量干旱区绿洲灌区水盐运动状况的一个指标,同时亦是进行灌排管理、规划设计的科学依据。(2)临界灌排比与灌溉引水量、排水量、河水含盐浓度、排水含盐浓度等因素有关。渭干河、库车、沙雅、新和灌区临界灌排比分别为10.80,6.55,20.09,21.48。若没有特殊的地形地貌,干旱区绿洲灌区临界灌排比为21左右。(3)在干旱区进行水量平衡计算,制定灌溉制度以及进行灌溉排水管理时,应保证有一定量的深层渗漏,便于淋洗盐分,同时应完善排水系统,使灌区在小于临界灌排比下运行。关键词:渭干河灌区;平原绿洲;盐均衡;灌排比中图分类号:TV212.54文献标识码:A文章编号:100922242(2001)0120023204RationalRatioofIrrigationtoDrainageinWeiganRiverIrrigationDistrictHUShun2jun1,AINIWAERUmaier2,TIANChang2yan1,ZHOUHong2fei1,SONGYu2dong1,WANGYong2ping2,JIANGQing2hua2,AIZEZI2,HUANGWen2shan2,TUERSUN2(1.XinjiangInstituteofEcologyandGeography,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Urumqi830011;2.WeiganRiverManagementBureau,KucheCounty,842000)Abstract:Basedontheprincipleofsaltequilibriuminirrigationdistricts,thesaltequilibriumofWeiganriverirrigationdistrictisanalyzedbyusingmeasureddata.Thefactorsofaffectingcriticalratioofirrigationtodrainageandthemethodofdeterminingcriticalratioofirrigationtodrainagearealsodiscussedprofoundly.Theresultsshowthat:(1)Theconceptionoftheratioofirrigationtodrainageisbrief,embodiesthecharacteristicsofwaterconservationconstructionandirrigationagriculture,whichcanbeusedasthecriterionofestimatingthedynamicsofmoisture2saltmovementinplainoasisirrigationdistractinaridarea,andcanalsousedasthescientificbasisofmanagementofirrigationanddrainage,planninganddesigning.(2)Criticalratioofirrigationtodrainageisrelatedtotheirrigationwatervolume,drainagewatervolume,saltcontentofirrigationwateranddrainagewaterandsoon.ThecriticalratioofirrigationtodrainageforWeiganriver,Kuchecounty,Xinhecounty,Shayacountyare10.8,6.55,20.99,21.48,respectively.Ifthereisnospecialtopography,thecriticalratioofirrigationtodrainageinoasisirrigationdistractinaridareaisabout21.(3)Theseepageisnecessarytoleachsalt,carryingoutcalculatingofwaterbalance,makingirrigati