【精选】中医院校外语教学改革的实践与探索 - 上海师范大学.ppt

中庸The Universal Order and Conduct of Life 上海师范大学外国语学院 李照国 何谓“中庸” 子程子曰，不偏之谓中；不易之谓庸。中者，天下之正道。庸者，天下之定理。此篇乃孔门传授心法，子思恐其久而差也，故笔之於书，以授孟子。其书始言一理；中散为万事；末复合为一理。放之，则弭六合；卷之，则退藏於密。其味无穷。皆实学也。善读者，玩索而有得焉，则终身用之，有不能尽者矣。  第一章 天命之谓性；率性之谓道；修道之谓教。 The ordinance of heaven is what we call the law of our being. To fulfill the law of our being is what we call the moral law . The moral law when reduced to a system is what we call education. 道也者，不可须臾离也；可离，非道也。 The moral law is a law from whose operation we cannot for one instant in our existence escape. A law from which we may escape is not the moral law. 是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹，恐惧乎其所不闻。 Wherefore it is that the moral man (君子) watches diligently over what his eyes cannot see and is in fear and awe of what his ears cannot hear. 莫见乎隐，莫显乎微。故君子慎其独也。 There is nothing more evident than what cannot be seen by the eyes and nothing more palpable than what cannot be perceived by the senses. Wherefore the moral man watches diligently over his secret thoughts. 喜、怒、哀、乐之未发，谓之中。发而皆中节，谓之和。中也者，天下之大本也。和也者，天下之达道也。 When the passions, such as joy, anger, grief and pleasure, have not awakened, that is our true self (中) or moral being. When these passions awaken and each and all attain due measure and degree, that is the moral order (和). Our true self or moral being is the great reality (大本lit. great root) of existence, and moral order is the universal law in the world. 致中和，天地位焉，万物育焉。 When true moral being and moral order are realized, the universe then becomes a cosmos and all things attain their full growth and development. 第二章 仲尼曰，「君子中庸；小人反中庸。」 Confucius remarked, “The life of the moral man is an exemplification of the universal moral order. The life of the vulgar person, on the other hand, is a contradiction of the universal moral order.” 君子之中庸也，君子而时中。小人之反中庸也，小人而无忌惮也。 “The moral man’s life is an exemplification of the universal order, because he is a moral person who constantly lives his true self or moral being. The vulgar person’s life is a contradictio